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Video and Sound Production - Exercises

 29/8/2022 - 17/10/2022 (Week 1 - Week 8)

Anna Chin Siaw Fong / 0354370 
Video and Sound Production / Bachelor of Design (Honours) in Creative Media / Taylor's University
Exercises

LECTURES

Week 1

Pre-production
  • Idea development
  • Story
  • Storyboard
  • Visual References
  • Location/Props
Production
  • Lighting
  • Costume
  • Principal Shooting
Post production
  • Offline Editing
  • Online Editing
  • Audio Editing
Week 2
Film Sound
Sound Elements
  • The mixing of sound elements (speech, sound effects, music) creates an audio setting that supports the action and engages the spectators
Speech
  • One of the most important tools forr understanding the story of the film
Dialogue
  • Conversation between characters in movie
Voice over
  • The voice of an unseen narrator speaking
Sound effect
Ambience (background) 
  • Audio refers to the background noise present at a given scene or a location
Hard or "cut" effect
  • Any sound in the movie that isn't dialogue or music
Music
  • Enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional impact
Dubbing / Automated Dialog Replacement (ADR)
  • The process of re-recording dialogue after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes
Foley
  • A sound effect technique for synchronous effects or live effects
Framing & Storyboard
Cinematography
  • Motion picture/Film/Video is made up of many shots.
  • Each shot requires placing the camera in the best position for that particular moment in the narrative. 
  • Shot is continuous view shot by one camera without interruption.
  • Sequence is a series of scenes, or shots, complete in itself.
  • Scene defines the place or setting where the action is laid.
  • A scene may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous event.
Shot Size
  1. Extreme wide shot
  2. Wide shot
  3. Medium wide shot
  4. Medium shot
  5. Medium close-up shot
  6. Close-up shot
  7. Extreme close-up shot
Screen Direction
Dynamic Screen Direction
  • Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction only
Static Screen Direction
  • When planning shots with two characters, you need to understand the camera movement in relation to the 180º rule. The rule enforces the camera stay on a horizontal axis and not cross sections so that it will disorient the viewer. The horizontal axis is called “Line of Action”
180º Degree Rule
  • If Camera 2 and Camera 3 are used, the audience stays on one side of the line of action. These shots are called "reverse angle shots"
Week 3

Storytelling in Film
Story
  • The set of all the events in cause-effect relationship occuring in time and space, both the ones explicitly presented and those the viewer infers, constitutes the story
Plot
  • Everything visibly and audibly present in the film, and material that is extraneous to the story world
Plot Segmentation
  • A scene-by-scene outline of the entire film
Story Structure
3-Act Structure
  • Beginning - Setup / Introduction of a story
  • Middle - Confrontation of a problem
  • End - Resolution of problems 
Plot Point I: "the plot thickens"
  • The "inciting incident"
  • Turn the story in a new direction
  • Sets up what Act Two is going to be
  • Raises the stakes
  • Reminder of the narrative enigma; presents the possibility of a different outcome
Plot Point II: "the longest mile”
  • The "Climactic Turning Point"
  • Protagonist's quest reaches critical mass
  • Possible solution is presented
  • Biggest cliffhanger: will the protagonist win or lose?
Week 4
 
Mise En Scène
  • In French, it literally means: mise (putting) en (on) scène (stage)
  • refers to what we see onscreen
  • its visuals; meaning, all the elements that appear on camera and their arrangement
Composition
  • Is the deliberate selection of frames and camera angles that make up a shot
  • Manipulating composition can accentuate the emotional themes of the story and communicate a sense (or lack) of meaning to the audience
Set Design
  • Refers to everything the audience sees within a particular scene
  • These details help build out the world of the location and add even more context to the story
Lighting
  • The tool that conveys mood most clearly
  • High-key lighting often used in musicals and romantic comedies, relies on hard light to minimize shadows
  • Low-key lighting are often used in horror movies
Costume and Props
  • One of the most useful tools in communicating a character's thoughts and journey
  • Props ia an object with a function serves to dive the narrative or become a motif to underscore the themes of the film
Depth of Space
  • Depth is determined by the distance between objects, people, and scenery, influenced by their placement along with camera location and lens choice
Week 5

Storyboarding
Purpose of Storyboard
  • Show IMPORTANT ACTION
  • Continuity / Editing Point
  • Shot Composition
  • Indicate CAMERA ANGLE / MOVEMENT
  • Map out the scene

Fig 1.0 Shot List

  • Do story breakdown
  • Get shot list ready for storyboarding
Fig 1.1 Floor Plan
  • Use floor plan to mark out the camera position

Fig 1.2 Camera Angle
  • Camera angle for each sequence can be indicated in floor plan
  • Sc/sh numbers are written beside the camera symbol
Fig 1.3 EWS / WS shot to Characters / Objects shot
  • Start from EWS / WS, then cut in to characters / objects
  • Cut between action and reaction
Fig 1.4 Different framing and angle shot
  • Cut to different framing and different angle shot
Fig 1.5 Cut Away
  • Use cut away to enhance storyboarding and creating mood
  • Insert cut away or C.U shot as transition for new scene
Fig 1.6 Staging subject
  • Staging subject among foreground, midground and background to create contrast in size and distant, focus, brightness and colour
Fig 1.7 Separation of space using planes
  • Separate the space by using planes as foreground, midground and background which contain many depth cues including size change, textural diffusion, tonal and color separation, up/down position, and overlap
Animatic
  • Series of images played in sequence, often with a soundtrack.
  • In essence, it is an animated storyboard
Advantage of Animatic
  • Timing of every shot
  • Rhythm of the scene
  • Audio & music added
INSTRUCTIONS
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Exercises

Week 1

Editing Exercise 1
Fig 2.0 Exercise 1

Fig 2.1 Exercise 2


Week 5

Storyboarding Exercise

Students were to create a storyboard and floor plan from the youtube video. 

Storyboard

Fig 2.2 Exercise 3

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Floor Plan

Fig 2.3 Exercise 4


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